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A big part of Infoplease’s mission is getting people the information they want and keeping them informed about current events. Each week we look for news articles that explore relevant themes in U.S. History and Government classrooms, and connect those stories to BRI resources.

* 20 years after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans has a very different look and feel than it did then. Some say it’s been a good change, others are less certain. * The lawyer for Kilmar Abrego Garcia, a man wrongly deported to El Salvador and back to the United States, says his client is now being targeted for deportation again. * The Pickett Fire continues to roil through parts of California’s wine country, forcing residents to evacuate.

The Bill of Rights Institute curates contemporary news articles that explore topics in U.S. History, Government and Civics.

An economic forecast is a prediction of future national output—including the amount of goods and services produced, how much is spent on them, and the level of employment. It is often used in monetary and fiscal policy. Several approaches are used for producing economic forecasts, from judgmental methods that depend on the experience and understanding of individual forecasters to sophisticated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models that use modern economic theory.

The main concept of output most commonly forecasted is gross domestic product, which is a measure of the value of all finished goods and services within the borders of a nation. Other important concepts include consumption and income, which have a presumed causal relationship. The behavior of these variables as a group is generally studied by economists using a variety of techniques, such as econometric models and surveys that report business investment plans and commitments to invest in new equipment.

For the world economy as a whole, growth is expected to remain subdued this year and into 2026-27, with a weaker-than-expected recovery in advanced economies and a further slowdown in commodity exporters. In addition, a rise in trade barriers could dampen activity in low-income countries, where growth is already constrained by high debt and rising interest costs.

Economic activity in the United States is strong, supported by robust consumer spending and high business investment, but geopolitical risks and inflation concerns persist.

The recent controversies surrounding Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s affair with a nightclub bellydancer who was also his paramour, his involvement in an unsolved murder case, and his connections to organized crime highlight a number of scandalous behavior patterns that are gaining increased public attention. These trends reflect several forces that have contributed to the rise of political scandal: harmful Supreme Court decisions, cynical public discourse, and a hostility to checks and balances by the Trump administration.

In response, scholars have conducted a wide variety of political scandal research, from exploring the causes of scandal (e.g., corruption, ethical violations) to examining how scandals are framed and mediated (Entman & Stonbely, 2018). Most scandal studies have taken a topical approach—that is, they study one specific scandal(s).

This article explores the role of polarization in the political arena’s tendency to produce scandal, which is often exacerbated by ideological differences. The authors use a model of two political parties and one elected official to examine how the alignment of the politician’s party with its voters influences her vulnerability to being caught up in a scandal. They find that the more polarized a voting electorate is, the greater the aligned party’s incentive to shield its member from a scandal and the opposing party’s incentive to make false accusations. This reduces the value of political discourse and diminishes voters’ ability to determine the truth about their politicians.

Moreover, the authors show that political polarization increases the likelihood of early government dissolutions by both parties involved in a scandal. They conclude that this increase in dissolutions is a result of politicians strategically withdrawing support from the scandal-hit party and the opposing party, as well as a decrease in the perceived credibility of the scandal-hit politician among voters.

Asylum is protection granted by a sovereign entity (in this case the United States) on the basis of a well-founded fear of persecution in one’s country of origin, such as on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, political opinion, or mental or physical disability. Asylum is different from refugee status, which is granted by the UNHCR and regulated by federal law (see our article Refugee Status: What You Need to Know).

The United States has a history of granting asylum both before and after World War II, with Congress establishing the current statutory framework in 1980 (the Refugee Act) that guarantees family reunification rights and provides asylees with a path to citizenship after a year of residence. To qualify for asylum, a person must meet both the international law definition of a “refugee” and the U.S. statutory requirements for asylum, withholding of removal, and/or protection under the Convention Against Torture.

Generally, people apply for asylum affirmatively, through USCIS, at the place where they enter the United States, such as an airport or border checkpoint. In addition, some people, referred to as defensive asylum seekers, apply for asylum through immigration court.

With limited exceptions, certain factors bar people from receiving asylum, including failing to apply within a year of entering the United States or committing serious crimes. In addition, individuals found to pose a danger to the country or have persecuted others themselves cannot receive asylum.

Working in foreign policy requires a strong knowledge of international law and the ability to understand broad and complex scenarios. It also demands an understanding of the need to represent the interests of citizens. Diplomacy, a major component of foreign policy, involves negotiating treaties, making official declarations, and presenting the government’s views on an issue. This is a time-consuming and labor intensive part of governing. Many great military minds, like George Marshall and Dwight Eisenhower, have been successful diplomats.

Other facets of a country’s foreign policy include economic relations, including trading with foreign countries and supporting development of less-powerful nations. Security and defense are also important, with military alliances, arms control, and peacekeeping efforts. Managing global issues, such as the environment, pandemics, and terrorism, also requires an understanding of foreign affairs and working with international organizations.

It is also critical to promote a liberal world order, which relies on open markets and democracy to achieve its goals. This will require the United States to lead as well as listen, to give as well as take. It will require engaging with more countries and forming broader coalitions instead of seeking retrenchment and unilateral action.

It will also involve recognizing that the challenges of our time transcend borders, and that there are no longer just friendly or enemy states. Terrorism, climate change, and international slave trade are among the most pressing problems that have no clear territorial boundaries that would allow for swift intervention by a single nation.

A parliamentary vote is when voters choose their local Member of Parliament (MP). In most countries with this system, the person who gets the most votes in each constituency becomes the MP.

After a general election, the Sovereign asks the leader of the party with the most seats to form a government that will run the country. This person is known as the Prime Minister. If no party wins a majority of seats, the parties usually enter into coalition governments with other parties.

In the United Kingdom, general elections to the UK Parliament (which are called a ‘General Election’) take place every 5 years. There are 650 Members of Parliament (MPs), who are elected using the ‘first past the post’ electoral system.

The most senior people in a government are called Ministers and they work in different departments in the executive. The Prime Minister appoints these Ministers and they attend Cabinet meetings. If a new government does not win a majority of seats in the House of Commons, it is described as ‘a hung parliament’.

In some parliamentary systems the MPs are chosen from individual constituencies, while in others they are chosen by using a party list. Some systems combine the two, for example West Germany after World War II pioneered a hybrid system called’mixed-member proportional’ (MMP) where some of the MMP representatives are elected from single-member districts while other are from party lists. This ensures that the number of seats that parties receive in MMP is more or less proportional to the overall percentage of votes they get nationally.

The 2024 elections saw unprecedented turnouts around the world in democratic elections for parliamentary bodies, local governments and national legislatures. The results were often surprising, in part because previous research has shown that electoral expectations are heavily influenced by partisan biases, and are especially strong when voters are exposed to discrepant polling information (Delavande and Manski 2012).

The fact that so many races were unexpected also speaks to the challenges of making sense of complex election data. The aggregators of vote totals are constantly updating their projections as they get new data. In addition, the actual voting process may take days or even weeks to finish, and this is often a mystery to voters. Despite these challenges, the EAC’s work on this issue has contributed to a more transparent and accurate election night reporting process.

After the polls close, news outlets will make their predictions about the results based on their own vote counting systems. These projections are often updated throughout the night and into the days and weeks after Election Day, and they check against full results that will be certified once every ballot has been counted.

In the ANES surveys, respondents are asked about their perception of the fairness of this process by rating how often they believe votes are counted fairly: very often, fairly often, sometimes, or not at all often. Across all these years, we have seen that voters are increasingly dissatisfied with the way their votes are counted, including in places where they are confident that elections are fair and accurate.

A resolution is a decision or declaration voted on by all UN member states in the General Assembly and adopted by a majority vote. It may impose obligations or authorise the use of coercive measures, including force. Resolutions begin with an unnumbered preambular clause, which sets the context and often includes references to previous actions. The operative clauses are numbered and end with semicolons (or a full stop/period). The name of the issuing body is typically placed above the preambular, though this can be moved to below, and the names of the sponsors may also be included. The words in a resolution are usually written in plain language but are often underlined, italicised or bold. Preambular phrases tend to start with verbs, and operative clauses start with nouns or adjectives.

This resolution was initiated by the Council’s ten elected members (E10) and called for an immediate, unconditional, and permanent ceasefire in Gaza, as well as the immediate and dignified release of all hostages held by Hamas and other groups. It was adopted by 14 votes in favour and one abstention (US). This resolution calls on States to “exercise vigilance in the supply, sale or transfer of major military systems to Iran to ensure that such goods cannot be used for nuclear-related activities.” It also urges them to limit their interactions with Iranian financial institutions. It further calls on Iran to ratify the IAEA’s Additional Protocol. It also requires all UN bodies and the IAEA to report on Iran’s compliance with the provisions of this resolution within 90 days of its adoption.

Governments are responsible for providing public services, maintaining law and order, regulating the economy, and protecting the environment. The goals of these activities are often shaped by the needs and expectations of citizens. To meet these requirements, governments create policies through laws, regulations, programs, and funding initiatives.

A policy is an initiative created to achieve specific societal goals and objectives. To create and implement policy, the following steps are taken:

Problem Identification: Identifying issues that require action. This involves evaluating how serious the issue is and what it means to society. This is a subjective process, influenced by the political ideology of those in power. Agenda Setting: Selecting issues that are of sufficient importance to warrant government attention. This step involves evaluating various aspects of an issue, including its impact on the community, the nation, and the world.

Policy Formulation: Developing alternatives for addressing the identified problems. This step involves evaluating the costs and benefits of each alternative, as well as the short-term and long-term implications for society. Decision-Making/Adoption: Selecting a course of action from among the alternative solutions. This step requires obtaining input and feedback from stakeholders and interested parties.

Implementation: Putting the policy into practice. This includes establishing procedures and protocols to ensure that policies are conducted in the proper manner. It also includes identifying the intent, background, and other information that was used to create the policy. This information is helpful if the policy must be interpreted in a court case or in other ambiguous situations.

For many, hearing about the stock market feels like listening to a foreign language. But it’s actually a very important part of our economy, and something that everyone should understand at least a little bit better.

The stock market is the collection of physical and electronic markets where people can buy and sell shares of companies. Companies raise money through stock issues by selling shares to investors who then become partial owners of the company. The value of the shares rises or falls based on the fortunes of the business and other market factors. Investors can invest in stocks through individual companies, mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which track a group of companies across multiple industries.

Most Americans learn about the stock market through indexes like the Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500, which show how the overall market is performing at a given time. These indexes are often used on news programs because they provide a quick snapshot of Wall Street.

In the late 1700s, a group of merchants met under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street and signed an agreement that would eventually lead to the New York Stock Exchange. Today, the NYSE is one of the largest exchanges in the world and has an immense impact on global economies.

A stock trade is only completed once a buyer and seller agree on a price. There is usually a period of a few days before a share is officially considered owned by the buyer.